Fragility of Built Urban Objects to Vicious Attacks: Assessment by Means of Limited Data on Abnormal Violent Actions

Abstract An assessment of fragility objects built (constructed) in urban environment to deliberately imposed abnormal actions (loads) is considered. The under analysis are explosions, vehicular impacts and fires that can be by acts terrorism sabotage as well such highly random events car crashes into structures due unintentional roadway departures. assessed means mathematical models known functions developed for vulnerable building transportation structures, protective barriers, energy supply facilities. result the probability damage foreseen modelled used structural analysis. case studied where information on an action expressed form a small-size statistical sample with components acquired post-mortem investigations attacks or accidents. basic idea application (bootstrap) resampling estimation probability. procedure applied values function caused question. estimated values. yields conservative estimate limit one-sided confidence interval. making decisions concerning level resilience objects.